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1.
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ; : 26-26, 2021.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-880345

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION@#Approximately 1000 children die each year due to preventable water and sanitation-related diarrheal diseases. Six in 10 people lacked access to safely managed sanitation facilities in 2015. Numerous community- and school-based approaches have been implemented to eradicate open defecation practices, promote latrine ownership, improve situation sanitation, and reduce waterborne disease.@*OBJECTIVE@#Given that current evidence for sanitation interventions seem promising, the aim of this study was to systematically summarize existing research on the effectiveness of community- and school-based randomized controlled sanitation intervention in improving (1) free open defecation (safe feces disposal), (2) latrine usage, (3) latrine coverage or access, and (4) improved latrine coverage or access.@*METHODS@#Eight electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, WHO Global Health Library (GHL), Virtual Health Library (VHL), POPLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar up to 26 April 2019. Original randomized clinical trials addressing community-based or school-based intervention that reported feces disposal and latrine coverage were deemed eligible. More than two researchers independently contributed to screening of papers, data extraction, and bias assessment. We conducted a meta-analysis by random-effects model. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool.@*RESULTS@#Eighteen papers that matched all criteria and 16 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. Compared to the control, the sanitation intervention significantly increased safe feces disposal (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.51-3.19, p < 0.05, I@*CONCLUSION@#Our study showed strong evidence for both community- and school-based sanitation interventions as effective for the safe disposal of human excreta. The finding suggests major implications for health policy and design of future intervention in developing countries.


Subject(s)
Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Sanitation/instrumentation , School Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Toilet Facilities/statistics & numerical data
2.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 36(1): e00241718, 2020. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055621

ABSTRACT

Resumo: O artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e analisar os resultados de um modelo de avaliação de desempenho de conselhos de saúde. O referencial teórico metodológico está fundamentado no método spidergram, adaptado à realidade dos conselhos de saúde. A matriz avaliativa considerou cinco dimensões de maior influência sobre a participação: autonomia, organização, representatividade, envolvimento comunitário e influência política. Com base na avaliação dos indicadores, foi estimado o valor de desempenho de cada dimensão e localizado no gráfico de cinco eixos. A aplicação da matriz foi realizada no Conselho de Saúde de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil. Utilizou-se análise de documentos, observação das reuniões e entrevistas com 18 conselheiros como técnicas de coleta de dados. Os resultados demonstram nível avançado de autonomia do conselho com condições estruturais adequadas, porém, com limitações na independência financeira. A dimensão organização atingiu nível máximo de desempenho com a realização regular de reuniões, disponibilidade de informações para os conselheiros e funcionamento das comissões temáticas. A representatividade foi a dimensão de pior desempenho, demostrado pela frágil relação dos representantes com as entidades. A dimensão envolvimento comunitário apresentou nível avançado, com elevada participação de conselheiros e não conselheiros às reuniões e perfil de atuação propositivo. A dimensão influência política obteve nível intermediário. Constatou-se elevada influência dos representantes sociais no processo deliberativo e diminuta capacidade de acompanhamento das políticas. A matriz utilizada mostrou-se adequada e viável para a avaliação de desempenho dos conselhos de saúde.


Abstract: The article aims to analyze the results of a performance assessment model for health councils. The theoretical and methodological frame of reference was the spider graph method, adapted to the reality of health councils. The assessment matrix considered five dimensions with the greatest influence on participation: autonomy, organization, representativeness, community involvement, and political influence. Based on assessment of the indicators, we estimated the performance value for each dimension and located it on the five-axis graph. The matrix was applied to the Health Council in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia State, Brazil. We used document analysis, observation of meetings, and interviews with 18 council members as the data collection techniques. The results show an advanced level of the council's autonomy with adequate structural conditions, but with limitations in financial independence. The organizational dimension reached the maximum level of performance, with regular meetings, availability of information for council members, and functioning of thematic commissions. Representativeness was the dimension with the worst performance, displayed by the weak relationship between the representatives and the organizations. The community involvement dimension displayed an advanced level with high participation by council and non-council members in the meetings and action with numerous proposals. The political influence dimension showed intermediate performance. We observed greater influence by the social representatives on the decision-making process and low capacity for follow-up on policies. The matrix proved adequate and feasible for performance assessment of health councils.


Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es presentar y analizar los resultados de un modelo de evaluación de desempeño en consejos de salud. El marco referencial teórico metodológico se fundamentó en el método spidergram, adaptado a la realidad de los consejos de salud. La matriz evaluativa consideró las cinco dimensiones de mayor influencia sobre la participación: autonomía, organización, representatividad, implicación comunitaria e influencia política. A partir de la evaluación de los indicadores, se estimó el valor del desempeño de cada dimensión y se localizó en el gráfico con cinco ejes. La aplicación de la matriz se realizó en el Consejo de Salud de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil. Se realizó un análisis de documentación, observación de reuniones y entrevistas con 18 consejeros, así como técnicas de recogida de datos. Los resultados demuestran un nivel avanzado de autonomía del consejo con condiciones estructurales adecuadas, aunque con limitaciones en la independencia financiera. La dimensión organización alcanzó el nivel máximo de desempeño con la realización regular de reuniones, disponibilidad de información para los consejeros y funcionamiento de las comisiones temáticas. La representatividad fue la dimensión de peor desempeño, demostrada por la frágil relación de los representantes con las entidades. La dimensión implicación comunitaria presentó un nivel avanzado con una elevada participación de consejeros y no consejeros en las reuniones y perfil de actuación propositivo. La dimensión influencia política obtuvo un nivel intermedio. Se constató una elevada influencia de los representantes sociales en el proceso deliberativo y una diminuta capacidad de seguimiento de las políticas. La matriz utilizada se mostró adecuada y útil para la evaluación de desempeño en los consejos de salud.


Subject(s)
Humans , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Social Participation , Health Planning Councils/organization & administration , Health Policy , Brazil , Health Planning Councils/statistics & numerical data
3.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 54: 38, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094417

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the implementation status of the Community-Based Rehabilitation in Chile. METHODS Quantitative, transversal and descriptive study. The scope was constituted by the 66 community-based rehabilitation centers in the Chilean Metropolitan Region that implemented Community-Based Rehabilitation until December 2016. The sampling was based on a census method, so all the community centers were contacted. A self-administered questionnaire designed based on the Community-Based Rehabilitation matrix defined by the World Health Organization was applied. The questionnaire was answered on-line by the coordinators of the strategy in their respective centers. The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS A heterogeneous level of implementation of Community-Based Rehabilitation was identified, specifically in terms of the components of the matrix described by the World Health Organization. The most implemented component was Health; the Social, Livelihood and Empowerment components were moderately implemented; and the Education component was the least implemented. CONCLUSION The implementation of Community-Based Rehabilitation is mainly based on the Health component. The level implementation of the other components of the matrix needs to be increased, as well as interdisciplinary and intersectoral strategies to achieve greater social inclusion of people with disabilities.


RESUMEN OBJETIVO Describir el estado de implementación de la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad en Chile. MÉTODOS Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo. El universo estuvo conformado por los 66 centros comunitarios de rehabilitación de la Región Metropolitana de Chile que implementaron la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad hasta diciembre de 2016. El muestreo tuvo intención censal, por lo que se contactaron todos los centros comunitarios. Se aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado diseñado con base a la matriz de Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad definida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El cuestionario fue respondido on-line por los coordinadores de la estrategia en sus respectivos centros. El análisis de datos se realizó utilizando estadígrafos descriptivos. RESULTADOS Se identificó un nivel heterogéneo de implementación de la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad, específicamente en cuanto a los componentes de la matriz descrita por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El componente más implementado fue Salud; los componentes Social, Subsistencia y Fortalecimiento fueron medianamente implementados; y el componente Educación fue el menos implementado. CONCLUSIÓN La implementación de la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad se basa principalmente en el componente Salud. Se requiere aumentar el nivel de implementación de los otros componentes de la matriz, así como de estrategias interdisciplinarias e intersectoriales para lograr una mayor inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Rehabilitation/organization & administration , Disabled Persons/rehabilitation , Community Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Program Evaluation , Attitude to Health , Chile , Health Education , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Disabled Persons/statistics & numerical data , Community Health Services/organization & administration , Health Services Accessibility
4.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 72(supl.2): 104-110, 2019.
Article in English | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1057674

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the reasons that lead Brazilian and Spanish seniors to enroll in a university for the elderly. Method: A qualitative study that used Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical reference and the Grounded Theory as a methodological reference. We interviewed 44 seniors enrolled in universities for the elderly from two countries (Brazil and Spain) between October 2014 and May 2016. Results: The motivations were related to the necessity of occupying the free time, even for improving health; to the opportunity of access to university learning bypassing formal education criteria; to the expansion of social relations, sought through the creation of new friendships, the desire to know other people's life experiences, and the exchange of knowledge. Final considerations: Older people have sought in universities for the elderly a pleasurable way of learning and occupying the free time.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer cuáles fueron las razones de ancianos brasileños y españoles para inscribirse en la universidad abierta a la tercera edad. Método: Estudio cualitativo que utilizó como referencial teórico el Interaccionismo Simbólico y como referencial metodológico la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos. Se entrevistaron 44 ancianos matriculados en universidades abiertas a la tercera edad de dos países (Brasil y España), en el período de octubre de 2014 a mayo de 2016. Resultados: Las motivaciones fueron las siguientes: la necesidad de ocupar el tiempo libre, incluso para mejorar la salud; la oportunidad de acceder al aprendizaje en la universidad sin los criterios de la enseñanza formal; y la ampliación de las relaciones sociales, por medio de nuevas amistades, por el anhelo de conocer las experiencias vivenciadas por otras personas y por el intercambio de saberes. Consideraciones finales: Los ancianos buscaron una forma placentera de aprender y de ocupar el tiempo libre en las universidades abiertas a la tercera edad.


RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender os motivos que levam idosos brasileiros e espanhóis a matricularem-se na universidade aberta à terceira idade. Método: Estudo qualitativo que utilizou o Interacionismo Simbólico como referencial teórico e a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados como referencial metodológico. Foram entrevistados 44 idosos matriculados em universidades abertas à terceira idade de dois países (Brasil e Espanha) no período de outubro de 2014 a maio de 2016. Resultados: As motivações vincularam-se à necessidade de ocupação do tempo disponível, inclusive para melhoria da saúde; à oportunidade de acesso ao aprendizado na universidade sem os critérios do ensino formal e; à ampliação das relações sociais, buscada por meio da criação de novas amizades, pelo anseio em conhecer as experiências vivenciadas por outras pessoas e pela troca de saberes. Considerações finais: Os idosos buscaram nas universidades abertas à terceira idade uma forma prazerosa de aprender e ocupar o tempo disponível.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Students/psychology , Motivation , Spain , Students/statistics & numerical data , Universities/organization & administration , Brazil , Community Participation/psychology , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Qualitative Research , Grounded Theory , Middle Aged
5.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 17(1): 76-104, Jan-Mar/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-742923

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar as plantas medicinais de uso popular e o perfil socioeconômico de seus usuários em área urbana de Ouro Preto, MG. O levantamento utilizou entrevistas semiestruturadas e amostragem aleatória, perfazendo 10% das residências. O grau de conhecimento sobre plantas medicinais foi medido pelo número de espécies citadas. Analisou-se a relação entre o saber popular sobre as plantas medicinais e características socioeconômicas dos entrevistados (renda, escolaridade, sexo, idade e forma de aquisição do conhecimento). Foram questionadas 6.713 pessoas, onde mais de 90% usam plantas medicinais para se tratarem. Identificou-se 342 espécies, reunidas em 94 famílias. Para cada espécie foram referidos os nomes populares, hábito, procedência, uso medicinal, parte usada, e forma de preparo. As principais moléstias tratadas com plantas foram: diarreia, insônia, gripe, hidropisia, distúrbios hepáticos, renais e do trato respiratório. Há um grande número de espécies nativas utilizadas. Dentre as exóticas, a maioria é de origem europeia. O uso místico de espécies, embora presente na cultura popular do município, foi pouco citado. Algumas espécies identificadas figuram na lista das espécies ameaçadas de extinção. O grau de conhecimento sobre plantas medicinais pela população de Ouro Preto independe, tanto do nível econômico, como da escolaridade ou do sexo. A idade e a forma de aquisição do conhecimento influenciam no saber popular das ervas medicinais. As pessoas com maior saber popular sobre as plantas adquiriram esses conhecimentos principalmente pelo costume familiar, por livros, ou por outras pessoas. Pessoas mais jovens conhecem menos espécies medicinais que as mais idosas, sugerindo risco de perda desse conhecimento tradicional. A grande riqueza de plantas citadas neste trabalho denota a importância de estudos etnobotânicos no resgate do conhecimento tradicional em áreas urbanas, tanto pelo seu valor histórico-cultural, como pela importância científica.


This work aimed to identify the medicinal plants of popular use and the socioeconomic profile of the users in the urban area of Ouro Preto, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The survey was carried out with random sampling and semi-structured interviews, amounting to 10% of households. The degree of knowledge about medicinal plants was measured by the number of species mentioned. The relationship between the popular knowledge about medicinal plants and the socioeconomic characteristics of the users (income, education, gender, age and type of knowledge acquisition) was also studied. In this survey, 6,713 inhabitants were questioned, of whom more than 90% use medicinal plants. A total of 342 species grouped in 94 families were identified. The popular names, growth habit, habitat, medicinal uses, part used and method of preparation are listed for each identified species. The main ailments treated with plants were diarrhea, insomnia, flu, dropsy and liver, renal and respiratory tract disorders. There is a large number of native species. Among the exotic ones, most are of European origin. The spiritual use of species, although present in the popular culture of the city, was negligible. Some species figure on the Brazilian red lists. It was noted that knowledge of medicinal plants by the population of Ouro Preto, in species richness, is not related to income, class, educational level and gender. The age and manner of acquisition of empirical knowledge about medicinal plants are associated with the number of species listed. Persons with greater popular knowledge about medicinal plants acquired information through family tradition, books and from other persons. Younger persons know fewer medicinal plants than the older ones, what suggests a loss of this traditional knowledge. The richness of the plants mentioned in this paper demonstrates the importance of ethnobotanical studies in the rescue of traditional knowledge in urban areas, for its scientific, historical and cultural values.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Plants, Medicinal/anatomy & histology , Social Class , Urban Area , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Ethnobotany/methods
7.
Rev. salud pública (Córdoba) ; 16(1): 42-47, 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-671193

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de Chagas, producida por elTrypanosomacruziy transmitida por un insecto triatomino, es de grancomplejidad. En el control de esta endemia no puedeconsiderarse la enfermedad como un hecho individualy sólo biológico. Entre sus múltiples componentes debeconsiderarse la relación de los sujetos con el hábitat, losmodos de producción, las condiciones culturales, lasrelaciones sociales y las formas organizativas.Como profesionales del campo de la salud intentamosnuevos enfoques que integran diferentes miradas disciplinaresy modos de intervención distintos, donde “el otro” recuperesu ser sujeto y no esté convocado a desempeñar un merorol de paciente. Posiciones que implican favorecer procesosparticipativos, escuchar a los propios protagonistas (mujerescon Chagas, equipos de salud, referentes comunitarios)recuperar sus peculiares visiones, poner en palabras lo nodicho sobre esta enfermedad silenciosa y silenciada, y develarlo que el Chagas esconde. Constituye una herramientaimportante a la hora de pensar propuestas de trabajo.


Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by a triatomine insectis extremely complicated. When controlling this endemic disease, the disease cannot beconsidered as an individual and merely biological fact. Among its many components therelationship of individuals to the habitat, production modes, cultural conditions, socialrelationships and organizational forms must be considered.As health professionals we present new approaches that integrate different disciplinesand modes of intervention, where “the other” recovers his/her individual being and isnot merely called upon to play a role as a patient. Positions that encourage participativeprocesses involving listening to the protagonists themselves (women with Chagas, healthteams, community references), recovering their unique visions, communicating what isnot said about this silent and hushed up disease, and revealing what Chagas hides areimportant tools when thinking about work proposals.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Chagas Disease/prevention & control , Health Services Research , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Community Participation/trends
8.
Rev. saúde pública ; 45(6): 1160-1167, dez. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-606873

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar como se estabelece a comunicação sazonal nos grupos socioeducativos das equipes de Saúde da Família para prevenção e controle da dengue. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório com 25 coordenadores de grupos socioeducativos, distribuídos em oito unidades básicas de saúde de Belo Horizonte, MG. A coleta de dados ocorreu de março a julho de 2009, por meio de observação não participante e entrevista semi-estruturada com os coordenadores. Na interpretação dos dados, empregaram-se a análise de conteúdo e os referenciais teóricos sobre comunicação e saúde. ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados três núcleos temáticos: comunicação sazonal; conteúdos discutidos e canais veiculadores de informações sobre a dengue; e informação versus comunicação para a ação. As ações de prevenção e controle da dengue nos grupos eram abordadas principalmente em épocas de surto, baseando-se em ações previamente programadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. Os temas abordados referiam-se a epidemiologia, ciclo de vida, modos de transmissão, sintomatologia, prevenção, visita domiciliar da equipe de zoonose e vacinação contra a dengue. CONCLUSÕES: A prática comunicativa predominante é o repasse de informações pelo coordenador, centrado no discurso comportamentalista e prescritivo. Recomendam-se práticas comunicativas pautadas no diálogo, permitindo ao coordenador e membros da equipe a liberdade em relação às situações emergentes do grupo e que aprendam a reconhecê-la e problematizá-la reflexivamente em seu contexto.


OBJECTIVE: To analyze how seasonal communication for dengue control and prevention is conveyed in educational peer groups of Family Health teams. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES: An exploratory and descriptive qualitative study was performed with 25 coordinators of peer education groups, distributed among eight basic health units of Belo Horizonte, Southeastern Brazil. Data collection occurred from March to June 2009, by non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews with coordinators. Content analysis and the principal theories in health communication were utilized in data interpretation. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS: Three thematic units were identified: seasonal communication; subjects discussed and information sources about dengue; and information versus communication for action. Dengue prevention and control actions were principally discussed in groups during outbreaks, based on actions previously programmed by the Ministry of Health. The topics addressed focused on epidemiology, life cycle, modes of transmission, symptoms, prevention, domiciliary visits by zoonosis control units and vaccination for dengue. CONCLUSIONS: The predominant communication action is information conveyance by the coordinator, centered on a behavioralist and prescriptive discourse. Communication practices focused on dialogue is recommended, allowing the coordinator and group members freedom in regards to emergent issues in the group, so they learn to recognize and reflexively discuss them in context.


OBJETIVO: Analizar como se establece la comunicación estacional en los grupos socioeducativos de los equipos de Salud de la Familia para prevención y control del dengue. PROCEDIMIENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio con 25 coordinadores de grupos socioeducativos, distribuidos en ocho unidades básicas de salud de Belo Horizonte, Sureste de Brasil. La colecta de datos ocurrió de marzo a julio de 2009, por medio de observación no participante y entrevista semi-estructurada con los coordinadores. En la interpretación de los datos, se emplearán análisis de contenido y los referenciales teóricos sobre la comunicación y salud. ANÁLISIS DE LOS RESULTADOS: Se encontraron tres núcleos temáticos: comunicación estacional; contenidos discutidos y canales vehiculadores de informaciones sobre el dengue; e información versus comunicación para la acción. Las acciones de prevención y control del dengue en los grupos eran abordadas principalmente en épocas de surto, basándose en acciones previamente programadas por el Ministerio de la Salud. Los temas abordados se referían a epidemiología, ciclo de vida, modos de transmisión, sintomatologia, prevención, visita domiciliar del equipo de zoonosis y vacunación contra el dengue. CONCLUSIONES: La práctica comunicativa predominante es el repase de informaciones por el coordinador, centrado en el discurso comportamentalista y prescriptivo. Se recomiendan prácticas comunicativas pautadas en el diálogo, permitiendo al coordinador y miembros del equipo la libertad con relación a las situaciones emergentes del grupo y que aprendan a reconocerla y problematizarla reflexivamente en su contexto.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Communication , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Dengue/prevention & control , National Health Strategies , Family Practice , Health Education/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Consumer Health Information , Family Practice/education , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Information Dissemination , Interpersonal Relations , Qualitative Research , Time Factors
9.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s188-s196, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | RHS, LILACS | ID: lil-597138

ABSTRACT

En este artículo se describen las condiciones de salud de la población salvadoreña y, con mayor detalle, el sistema de salud de El Salvador, incluyendo su estructura y cobertura, sus fuentes de financiamiento, los recursos físicos, materiales y humanos con los que cuenta, las actividades de rectoría que desarrolla el Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, y la participación de los usuarios de los servicios de salud en la evaluación del sistema. Asimismo se discuten las más recientes innovaciones implantadas por el sistema salvadoreño de salud, dentro de las que destacan la aprobación de la Ley de Creación del Sistema Nacional de Salud que busca ampliar la cobertura, disminuir las desigualdades y mejorar la coordinación de las instituciones públicas de salud.


This paper describes the health conditions in El Salvador and the main característics of the Salvadoran health system, including its structure and coverage, its financial sources, the physical, material and human resources available, the stewardship functions developed by the Ministry of Public Health, and the participation of health care users in the evaluation of the system. It also discusses the most recent policy innovations including the approval of the Law for the Creation of the National Health System, which intends to expand coverage, reduce health inequalities and improve the coordination of public health institutions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , El Salvador , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/legislation & jurisprudence , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
10.
Córdoba; s.n; 2011. 129 h p. ilus, ^c29 cm, ^eCD ROM Tesis digitalizada.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-607742

ABSTRACT

Analizar de la construcción de los sistemas de salud en determinados contextos demanda esfuerzos teóricos y metodológicos para incluir diferentes visiones respecto a los procesos salud-enfermedad-atención y a las opciones que la programación local debe considerar para garantizar la implementación exitosa de las políticas sanitarias en contextos heterogéneos. Esta investigación estuvo orientada a determinar si la oferta de servicios sanitarios de Departamento Ancasti – Provincia de Catamarca coincidía con la construcción que, respecto a la demanda de atención, tienen sus pobladores. Para eso, serealizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal que incluyó a la población y a los efectores a través de las variables ‘oferta de servicios’ / ‘demanda de atención’. El relevamiento de información fue a través de un modelo de encuestas que incluyó categorías de análisis para el primer de atención.


Subject(s)
Humans , Analysis of Situation , Diagnosis of Health Situation , Health Services Research , Community Participation , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Argentina
11.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s96-s109, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597130

ABSTRACT

En este artículo se describe el sistema de salud de Argentina, que está compuesto por tres sectores: público, de seguridad social y privado. El sector público está integrado por los ministerios nacional y provincial, y la red de hospitales y centros de salud públicos que prestan atención gratuita a toda persona que lo demande, fundamentalmente a personas sin seguridad social y sin capacidad de pago. Se financia con recursos fiscales y recibe pagos ocasionales de parte del sistema de seguridad social cuando atiende a sus afiliados. El sector del seguro social obligatorio está organizado en torno a las Obras Sociales (OS), que aseguran y prestan servicios a los trabajadores y sus familias. La mayoría de las OS operan a través de contratos con prestadores privados y se financian con contribuciones de los trabajadores y patronales. El sector privado está conformado por profesionales de la salud y establecimientos que atienden a demandantes individuales, a los beneficiarios de las OS y de los seguros privados. Este sector también incluye entidades de seguro voluntario llamadas Empresas de Medicina Prepaga que se financian sobre todo con primas que pagan las familias y/o las empresas. En este trabajo también se describen las innovaciones recientes en el sistema de salud, incluyendo el Programa Remediar.


This paper describes the health system of Argentina.This system has three sectors: public, social security and private.The public sector includes the national and provincial ministries as well as the network of public hospitals and primary health care units which provide care to the poor and uninsured population. This sector is financed with taxes and payments made by social security beneficiaries that use public health care facilities. The social security sector or Obras Sociales (OS) covers all workers of the formal economy and their families. Most OS operate through contracts with private providers and are financed with payroll contributions of employers and employees. Finally, the private sector includes all those private providers offering services to individuals, OS beneficiaries and all those with private health insurance.This sector also includes private insurance agencies called Prepaid Medicine Enterprises, financed mostly through premiums paid by families and/or employers.This paper also discusses some of the recent innovations implemented in Argentina, including the program Remediar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Argentina , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
12.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s109-s119, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597131

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se describen las características generales del sistema de salud de Bolivia: su organización y cobertura; sus fuentes de financiamiento y gasto en salud; los recursos físicos, materiales y humanos de los que dispone; las actividades de rectoría que desarrolla, y el nivel que ha alcanzado la investigación en salud. También se discuten las innovaciones más recientes que se han llevado a cabo en los últimos años, incluyendo el Seguro Universal Materno Infantil, el Programa de Extensión de Cobertura a Áreas Rurales, el Modelo de Salud Familiar, Comunitaria e Intercultural y el programa de subsidios monetarios Juana Azurduy, dirigido a fortalecer la atención prenatal y del parto.


This paper describes the Bolivian health system, including its structure and organization, its financing sources, its health expenditure, its physical, material and humans resources, its stewardship activities and the its health research institutions. It also discusses the most recent policy innovations developed in Bolivia: the Maternal and Child Universal Insurance, the Program for the Extension of Coverage to Rural Areas, the Family, Community and Inter-Cultural Health Model and the cash-transfer program Juana Azurduy intended to strengthen maternal and child care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Bolivia , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
13.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s120-s131, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597132

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se describe el sistema de salud de Brasil, que está compuesto por un sector público que cubre alrededor de 75 por ciento de la población y un creciente sector privado que ofrece atención a la salud al restante 25 por ciento de los brasileños. El sector público está constituido por el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) y su financiamiento proviene de impuestos generales y contribuciones sociales recaudadas por los tres niveles de gobierno (federal, estatal y municipal). El SUS presta servicios de manera descentralizada a través de sus redes de clínicas, hospitales y otro tipo de instalaciones, y a través de contratos con establecimientos privados. El SUS es además responsable de la coordinación del sector público. El sector privado está conformado por un sistema de esquemas de aseguramiento conocido como Salud Suplementaria financiado con recursos de las empresas y/o las familias: la medicina de grupo (empresas y familias), las cooperativas médicas, los llamados Planes Autoadministrados (empresas) y los planes de seguros de salud individuales. También existen consultorios, hospitales, clínicas y laboratorios privados que funcionan sobre la base de pagos de bolsillo, que utilizan sobre todo la población de mayores ingresos. En este trabajo se analizan los recursos con los que cuenta el sistema, las actividades de rectoría que se desarrollan y las innovaciones más recientemente implantadas, incluyendo el Programa de Salud de la Familia y el Programa Más Salud.


This paper describes the Brazilian health system, which includes a public sector covering almost 75 percent of the population and an expanding private sector offering health services to the rest of the population. The public sector is organized around the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) and it is financed with general taxes and social contributions collected by the three levels of government (federal, state and municipal). SUS provides health care through a decentralized network of clinics, hospitals and other establishments, as well as through contracts with private providers. SUS is also responsible for the coordination of the public sector. The private sector includes a system of insurance schemes known as Supplementary Health which is financed by employers and/or households: group medicine (companies and households), medical cooperatives, the so called Self-Administered Plans (companies) and individual insurance plans.The private sector also includes clinics, hospitals and laboratories offering services on out-of-pocket basis mostly used by the high-income population. This paper also describes the resources of the system, the stewardship activities developed by the Ministry of Health and other actors, and the most recent policy innovations implemented in Brazil, including the programs saúde da Familia and Mais Saúde.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Brazil , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
14.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s132-s142, 2011. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597133

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se describe el sistema de salud de Chile, incluyendo su estructura, financiamiento, beneficiarios y recursos físicos, materiales y humanos de los que dispone. Este sistema está compuesto por dos sectores, público y privado. El sector público está formado por todos los organismos que constituyen el Sistema Nacional de Servicios de Salud y cubre aproximadamente a 70 por ciento de la población, incluyendo a los pobres del campo y las ciudades, la clase media baja y los jubilados, así como los profesionales y técnicos. El sector privado cubre aproximadamente a 17.5 por ciento de la población perteneciente a los grupos sociales de mayores ingresos. Un pequeño sector de la población, perteneciente a la clase alta, realiza pagos directos de bolsillo a proveedores privados de servicios de atención a la salud. Alrededor de 10 por ciento de la población está cubierta por otras agencias públicas, fundamentalmente los Servicios de Salud de las Fuerzas Armadas. Recientemente el sistema se reformó creando el Régimen General de Garantías en Salud, que establece un Sistema Universal con Garantías Explícitas que se tradujo, en 2005, en el Plan de Acceso Universal con Garantías Explícitas (AUGE), que garantiza el acceso oportuno a servicios de calidad para 56 problemas de salud, incluyendo cáncer en niños, cáncer de mama, trastornos isquémicos del corazón, VIH/SIDA y diabetes.


This paper describes the Chilean health system, including its structure, financing, beneficiaries, and its physical, material and human resources. This system has two sectors, public and private. The public sector comprises all the organisms that constitute the National System of Health Services, which covers 70 percent of the population, including the rural and urban poor, the low middle-class, the retired, and the self-employed professionals and technicians.The private sector covers 17.5 percent of the population, mostly the upper middle-class and the high-income population. A small proportion of the population uses private health services and pays for them out-of-pocket. Around l0 percent of the population is covered by other public agencies, basically the Health Services for the Armed Forces. The system was recently reformed with the establishment of a Universal System of Explicit Entitlements, which operates through a Universal Plan of Explicit Entitlements (AUGE), which guarantees timely access to treatment for 56 health problems, including cancer in children, breast cancer, ischaemic heart disease, HIV/AIDS and diabetes.


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Chile , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
15.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s144-s155, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597134

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se presenta una breve descripción de las condiciones de salud de Colombia y una descripción detallada del sistema colombiano de salud. Esta última incluye una descripción de su estructura y cobertura, sus fuentes de financiamiento, el gasto en salud, los recursos con los que cuenta, quién vigila y evalúa al sector salud y qué herramientas de participación tienen los usuarios. Dentro de las innovaciones más recientes del sistema se incluyen las modificaciones al Plan Obligatorio de Salud y a los montos de la unidad de pago por capitación, la integración vertical entre empresas promotoras de salud y las instituciones prestadoras de servicios, así como el establecimiento de nuevas fuentes de recursos para lograr la universalidad e igualar los planes de beneficios entre los distintos regímenes.


This document briefly describes the health conditions of the Colombian population and, in more detail, the characteristics of the Colombian health system. The description of the system includes its structure and coverage; financing sources; expenditure in health; physical material and human resources available; monitoring and evaluation procedures; and mechanisms through which the population participates in the evaluation of the system. Salient among the most recent innovations implemented in the Colombian health system are the modification of the Compulsory Health Plan and the capitation payment unit, the vertical integration of the health promotion enterprises and the institutions in charge of the provision of services and the mobilization of additional resources to meet the objectives of universal coverage and the homologation of health benefits among health regimes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Colombia , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
16.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s156-s167, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597135

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se describe el sistema de salud de Costa Rica, que presta servicios de salud, agua y saneamiento. El componente de servicios de salud incluye un sector público y uno privado. El sector público está dominado por la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), institución autónoma encargada del financiamiento, compra y prestación de la mayoría de los servicios personales. La CCSS se financia con contribuciones de los afiliados, los empleadores y el Estado, y administra tres regímenes: el seguro de enfermedad y maternidad, el seguro de invalidez, vejez y muerte, y el régimen no contributivo. La CCSS presta servicios en sus propias instalaciones o contrata prestadores del sector privado con los que establece contratos denominados "compromisos de gestión". El sector privado comprende una amplia red de prestadores que ofrecen servicios ambulatorios y de especialidad con fines lucrativos. Estos servicios se financian sobre todo con pagos de bolsillo, pero también con primas de seguros privados. El Ministerio de Salud es el rector del sistema y como tal cumple con funciones de dirección política, regulación sanitaria, direccionamiento de la investigación y desarrollo tecnológico. Dentro de las innovaciones relativamente recientes que se han implantado en Costa Rica destacan la implantación de los equipos básicos de atención integral de salud (EBAIS), la desconcentración de los hospitales y clínicas públicos, la introducción de los acuerdos de gestión y la creación de las Juntas de Salud.


This paper describes the Costa Rican health system which provides health, water and sanitation services. The health component of the system includes a public and a private sector. The public sector is dominated by the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), an autonomous institution in charge of financing, purchasing and delivering most of the personal health services in Costa Rica. CCSS is financed with contributions of the affiliates, employers and the state, and manages three regimes: maternity and illness insurance, disability, old age and death insurance, and a non-contributive regime. CCSS provides services in its own facilities but also contracts with private providers. The private sector includes a broad set of services offering ambulatory and hospital care. These services are financed mostly out-of-pocket, but also with private insurance premiums. The Ministry of Health is the steward of the system, in charge of strategic planning, sanitary regulation, and research and technology development. Among the recent policy innovations we can mention the establishment of the basic teams for comprehensive health care (EBAIS), the de-concentration of hospitals and public clinics, the introduction of management agreements and the creation of the Health Boards.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Costa Rica , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Sanitation/economics , Sanitation/statistics & numerical data , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
17.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s168-s176, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597136

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se describen las condiciones de salud de Cuba y el sistema cubano de salud, incluyendo su estructura y cobertura, sus fuentes de financiamiento, su gasto en salud, los recursos físicos, materiales y humanos de los que dispone, y las actividades de rectoría e investigación que desarrolla. También se discute la importancia de sus instituciones de investigación y se describe el papel de los usuarios de los servicios en la operación y evaluación del sistema, así como las actividades que en este sentido desarrollan la Federación de Mujeres Cubanas y los Comités de Defensa de la Revolución. La parte final de este trabajo se dedica a discutir las innovaciones más recientes dentro de las que destacan las redes de cardiología, la Misión Milagro y la Batalla de Ideas.


This paper describes the health conditions in Cuba and the general characteristics of the Cuban health system, including its structure and coverage, its financial sources, its health expenditure, its physical, material and human resources, and its stewardship functions. It also discusses the increasing importance of its research institutions and the role played by its users in the operation and evaluation of the system. Salient among the social actors involved in the health sector are the Cuban Women Federation and the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution. The paper concludes with the discussion of the most recent innovations implemented in the Cuban health system, including the cardiology networks, the Miracle Mission (Misión Milagro) and the Battle of Ideas (Batalla de Ideas).


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Cuba , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Financing, Government/economics , Financing, Government/organization & administration , Financing, Government/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , State Medicine/economics , State Medicine/organization & administration , State Medicine/statistics & numerical data , Universal Health Insurance/economics , Universal Health Insurance/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
18.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s177-s187, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597137

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se describen las condiciones de salud en Ecuador y, con mayor detalle, las características del sistema ecuatoriano de salud, incluyendo su estructura y cobertura, sus fuentes de financiamiento, los recursos físicos, materiales y humanos de los que dispone, las tareas de rectoría que desarrolla el Ministerio de Salud Pública, la generación de información en salud, las tareas de investigación, y la participación de los ciudadanos en la operación y evaluación del sistema. También se discuten las innovaciones más recientes que se han implantado en el sistema ecuatoriano de salud dentro de las que destaca la incorporación de un capítulo específico sobre salud a la nueva Constitución que reconoce a la protección de la salud como un derecho humano y la construcción de la Red Pública Integral de Salud.


This paper describes the health conditions in Ecuador and, in more detail, the characteristics of the Ecuadorian health system, including its structure and coverage, its financial sources, the physical, material and human resources available, and the stewardship activities developed by the Ministry of Public Health. It also describes the structure and content of its health information system, and the participation of citizens in the operation and evaluation of the health system. The paper ends with a discussion of the most recent policy innovations implemented in the Ecuadorian system, including the incorporation of a chapter on health into the new Constitution which recognizes the protection of health as a human right, and the construction of the Comprehensive Public Health Network.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Ecuador , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Human Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Information Services/organization & administration , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
19.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s197-s197, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597139

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se describen las condiciones de salud y el sistema de salud de Guatemala, incluyendo su estructura y cobertura, sus fuentes de financiamiento, las actividades de rectoría que en él se desarrollan, así como las tareas de generación de información en salud e investigación. También se discuten los esfuerzos por ampliar la cobertura de servicios básicos, sobre todo a las comunidades rurales pobres. Destacan dentro de las innovaciones recientes del sistema guatemalteco de salud el Programa de Extensión de Cobertura de Servicios Básicos y el Programa de Accesibilidad de Medicamentos, así como los acuerdos del Ministerio de Salud con organizaciones de la sociedad civil para prestar servicios básicos en comunidades rurales.


This paper describes the health conditions in Guatemala and, in more detail, the characteristics of the Guatemalan health system, including its structure en coverage, its financial sources, the stewardship functions developed by the Ministry of Health, as well as the generation of health information and the development of research activities. It also discusses the recent efforts to extend coverage of essential health services, mostly to poor rural areas.The most recent innovations also discussed in this paper include the Program for the Expansion of Coverage of Essential Services, the Program to Expand Access to Essential Drugs and the agreements between the Ministry of Health and several non-governmental organizations to provide essential services in rural settings.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Guatemala , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
20.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s209-s219, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597140

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se describe el sistema de salud de Honduras, incluyendo los retos que enfrenta, su estructura y cobertura, su financiamiento, los recursos con los que cuenta y las actividades de rectoría que en él se desarrollan. Este sistema cuenta con un sector público constituido por la Secretaría de Salud (SS) y el Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social (IHSS), y un sector privado en el que predomina el uso de servicios con pago de bolsillo. El Plan Nacional de Salud 2010-2014 se plantea una ambiciosa reforma del sistema que contempla la universalización del aseguramiento mediante un sistema de salud integrado y plural, en el que la SS funcionaría como una institución rectora y reguladora, y que contaría con un seguro público nacional de salud para la población pobre y un IHSS que funcionaría exclusivamente como aseguradora al contratar servicios para sus afiliados con proveedores públicos y privados, que operarían bajo un modelo de salud familiar y comunitaria.


This paper describes the health system of Honduras, including its challenges, structure coverage, sources of financing, resources and stewardship activities. This system counts with a public and a private sector. The public sector includes the Ministry of Health (MH) and the Honduran Social Security Institute (HSSI). The private sector is dominated by a set of providers offering services payed mostly out-of-pocket. The National Health Plan 2010-2014 includes a set of reforms oriented towards the creation of an integrated and plural system headed by the MH in its stewardship role. It also anticipates the creation of a public health insurance for the poor population and the transformation of the HSSI into a public insurance agency which contracts services for its affiliates with public and private providers under a family medicine model.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Honduras , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
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